The Diameter Of An Atom
Diameter of an Atom
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| Bibliographic Entry | Event (w/surrounding text) | Standardized Consequence |
|---|---|---|
| Henry F. Holtzclaw & William R. Robinson. General Chemistry. Lexington, MA: Heath, 1988: 98. | "The diameter of an atom is of the order of x−8 cm." | 0.1 nm |
| March, Robert H. Atom. United states: Globe Book Encyclopedia, 1995: 870. | "The diameter of an atom ranges from about 0.1 to 0.v nanometer." | 0.1–0.5 nm |
| Metcalf, Williams, & Castka. Modern Chemistry. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1980: 43. | "The diameter of a nucleus is about x−12 cm. This is about one ten-thousandth of the bore of an atom itself, since atoms range from 1 × 10−eight to v × 10−8 cm in diameter." | 0.1–0.5 nm |
| Speakman, J. C. Molecules. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966: 19. | "Atoms vary in size according to the element, but their diameters are of the club of 1 × 10−8 cm." | 0.1 nm |
An atom is one of the bones units of matter. Everything around usa is made up of atoms. An cantlet is a million times smaller than the thickest human hair. The diameter of an atom ranges from most 0.1 to 0.5 nanometers (one × x−10 m to 5 × 10−ten chiliad).
All the atoms of an chemical element are not alike, however. For example, a 2nd kind of hydrogen exits which is present in every sample of the gas no matter where it is obtained. It weighs twice as much as the more common hydrogen and is called deuterium or heavy hydrogen. The bore of an atom for this type of hydrogen differs from the more mutual blazon.
Atoms vary greatly in weight, just they are all about the same size. For example, an cantlet of plutonium (one of the heaviest elements) weighs more than 200 times as much every bit a hydrogen atom (the lightest element), only the diameter of a plutonium atom is simply almost 3 times that of a hydrogen cantlet.
Michael P. -- 1996
| Bibliographic Entry | Upshot (w/surrounding text) | Standardized Result |
|---|---|---|
| Chocolate-brown, LeMay, Bursten. Chemistry-The Primal Science. New Bailiwick of jersey: Prentice Hall, 1997: 44. | "Atoms are extremely small; most have diameters between 1 × 10−x thousand and 5 × 10−ten chiliad." | 0.1–0.5 nm |
| The World book Encyclopedia. vol. i Chicago: Earth Book, 1996: 870. | "The diameter of an atom ranges from well-nigh 0.ane to 0.5 nanometer." | 0.one–0.5 nm |
| The World of Science: Chemistry in Everyday Life. vol. 14. Oxford: Equinox, 1989: 31. | "Atom… name given to a relatively stable parcel of affair, typically about 0.1 nm across." | 0.1 nm |
| Bixby, William. Great Experimenters.New York: David McKay, 1964: 150. | "According to Rutherford, the radius of the entire atom was 0.00000001 cm." | 0.1 nm |
| Baylis, William E. Macmillan Encyclopedia of Physics. New York: Prentice Hall, 1996: 71. | "the Bohr radius ao = v.2917725 × x−11 k is the unit of length." | 0.106 nm |
An atom is one of the basic units of matter. Atoms form the building blocks of the simplest substances, the chemical elements. Nearly everything on earth is made up of atoms. Each element consists of 1 basic kind of atom. An atom is incredibly pocket-sized -- more than than a million times smaller than the thickness of a man pilus. Tiny as atoms are, they consist of fifty-fifty more than infinitesimal particles. The three basic types are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive electrical charge, and electrons have a negative charge. Neutrons are electrically neutral. The protons and neutrons are crowded into the nucleus, a tiny region at the center of the atom. The nucleus makes upwards nearly all the mass of an atom. The residual of the atom exterior the nucleus is by and large empty infinite. The electrons whirl through this infinite. All atoms of the same element accept the same number of protons. The atomic number tells how many protons an atom has.
The size of an atom is difficult to describe because atoms have no definite outer purlieus. To overcome this problem, the size of an atom is estimated by describing its radius. In metals, this is done by measuring the distance between 2 nuclei in the solid country and dividing this distance by 2. For nonmetallic elements, that exist in pure course as molecules, measurements can be made of the distance between nuclei for two atoms covalently bonded together. The diameter of an cantlet ranges from i × x−ten 1000 to 5 × 10−10 m. At that place is no i definite bore of an atom because since the number of electrons in the outer primary free energy level increases equally you go from left to right in each period, the corresponding increase in the nuclear charge due to the boosted protons pulls the electrons more tightly around the nucleus. This allure results in the radius to be generally reduced. For a group of elements in the periodic tabular array, the atoms of each successive member accept another outer principal energy level in the electron configuration that electrons can motility to. The increased distance from the nucleus results in the atomic radius to increase in a grouping.
Judy Dong -- 1998
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The Diameter Of An Atom,
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